Apparatus for recovery of fats, oils, or oleaginous substances from materials yielding them



G APPARATUS FOR RECOVERY FATS, OILS. R OLEAGINOUS SUBSTANCES FROMMATERIALS YIELDING THEM Filed Jan.

EL: 5566 m/ 40 %1 v 46 Invemml' Patented Dec. 1 1930WILLIAMmnoirasfrownrneg beco es, nne AitniAssIeito a rr'ocox nv WILLIAMI PITT'OCK, on PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLYANIAY' APPARATUS roa RECOVERYOFjEATS, ornsoa OLEAGINOUS suns'rnncnszeaom I V 'MA'I'EEIALS YIELDING':THEM 2 v Application fiied Januarv13,.1927, Seria1No. leofiilandinfireat Britain J'aniiary '29,- 19a;

' This invention relates totherecovery of fats, oils or oleaginonssubstances (herein- 1 after denoted" generically for the sake? of"brevity-by the'fex pression fats) fron materials containing isuchfsnbstance'si. 'lheinventioniis concerned W1th the NVGll lIIIOWIIlprocess of dry-rendering' in which the 1112,:

i terials to be illiilllGdlfOfillllG recovery of the ii'at to be yieldedby thenra'refirst submitted to the;action of heat so asto imeltldown-the :fat and driveofi the-aqueous components of;

the materials, after. ;vvhich1the liberated f at i-is allowedlto drainfrom thesolidresiduals ofthe melting-down"operation, and finallythefatwhich hasnot drained away from said residuals is extractedtherefrom some 0011- venlent means. Generally these means have Qcomprised hydraulic filter presses," expellers and centrifugalseparators, all: ofwhichare 2o"expensive forms'Ofapparatns and incur intheir operation very considerable I Working and maintenance costs. c e

In my1 .concurrently filed application, Se-

rial "No.*160,833,' I have :cdescribed an" improved process;- of the pabove general" type a which comprises in combination, the steps ofmelting-down: and si1bseqnently'j= subjecting V 7-thecracklingstontheldirecti action of hot.-

' j, fvapounso as tojfacfi'litate the] extraction of J 30 theirfat-contend: The hot vapour of said ably extraneonslyslipplied steainunderpressure, l l i p v I,

Accordingto a further specific featlire of pours produced throughcracklingspfa previously umdbwapmn of material {so as Y to'facilitatethe extraction offat therefrom;

I Another] feature still of the" improved process residedjin this, thatthe whole of the of -the resulting cracklings toa fat extractor,

lextractin'g'the fat from the cracklingsjin the describedim plication, f

referred to as the closed vessel as distingulshediroin the degreaseriitc receive "in'the said closed vessel, 7 I y';Accordingrtoa ieatnre V Ithejapparatus compr ses, in icombination, a

phere the vaponrs produced during plantbyfoul smelling odours a a V Thepresentlinvention has for itsflobjectito provide an improved form ofa'pparatus for carrying into effect a dry-renderiprocess' as my sald'concnrrentlpatent 'ap- According to the"presentinvention, appafat-yielding materials, comprisesyin-conibi' nation, :a I closed;rendering; .viesseliiier --degreaser, a closed dra1ning vessel(hereinafter cracklings discharged from, the degreaser, a

controlled airesealed passage between the ,degreaserand;said*closedvessel for the dis 1 chargeot cracklings at willffromtheone to labour,f-

the other 'vvithout. exposure the n atmos phere,means;togenerateeorsprovide a supply I -of hot-vapourymeans toiaidniit saidvapo'nr at" will tothe clpsed vessel, a vapour exit in said vesselsosituated that the hot vapours 7 'admittedfhave to travelthrough theybodyof kcracklingsgifn {the "vessel, and ineans' to col- 7 lect 'theQvapOurSat said: vapourf-exit. i The expression w collect has been employed-' todenote any convenient" step: of so disposing improved process could bethe vapour o'f watenor, according to a specific feature-of the process,extraneously supplied steamvpreferof the vaporirs that theyarefprevented from causing a. nuisance' by contaminating the,atmosphereJinQthe vicinity of the plant.

For exan pl-efthe vapourscould be With drawn from the cracklings''and,discharged into-ilthenpper layers ofthe atmosphereb'y v m'eansfof:a-suitableflue,-'or they could be e discharged into a "drain or, into abody; ca-

pable or absorbing the foul-smelling gases. Any, 01'. all, of thesemeans or Ftheir equivaf lents :is' intended. to V be"included within thescope of this invention ahdfto be. covered by 1 'I-here Inay vvithl theeleinents set forth in the preceding paragraph, means.ithef'expressionmeans to collect theva, FPOursRi-w, I

operations.ofmelting-downand-transference I to collect fat: extractedfrom the cracklings I offthe invention; v n

closeddegreaserya cl'osedvessel to receive cracklings discharged fromthe degreaser,

According to a V vention, suction means may be provlded to means placingsaid degreaser and'vessel inv controlled air-sealed communication withone another; so that at the conclusion ofa, melting-down operationcracklin'gs can'l'be discharged at will and withoutexposure to theatmosphere from thegde'greaser to the; 7 closed vessel and thereafterduring afollowing melting down operation the hot vapours produced in thedegreaser can be passed at willto the closed vessel, a ,vapour-e'xiti'nthe closed vessel sosituated that the hot vapours admittedfromthedegreaser have to travel I through the body of cracklings in thevessel,

and means to' collect the; vap'ours'at said vapour-exit. i 1

further feature ofthe inpromote the flow of hot vapour, through the bodyof cracklings in the said closed vessel of the apparatus; 1

According to a furtherfeature of the invention the apparatus comprisesin combinareceive cracklings discharged fromgthedegreaser -a' closedfat-collector, means placing these threeelements in 'alr sealed'serlescon- 7 tion' a closed fclegre'a'ser, "a closed vessel to nection withone another so that at the conclusionofa meltingdown operation crack-'lings can be discharged, at will andwithout 7 exposure to; theatmosphere from; the degreaser to the "closed vessel and hot vapoursproduced in the'degreaser-during a following Y intolsaid closed vessel.and withdrawn there-f melting-down operation'can bejpassed at will 7from at will along with extracted fat into the fat-collectoryavapour-exit in the fatcollector, and means to p collect the vapouratsaid v'apour exit.v

Other :features of novelty willbe ieferred to inf th'e followingdescription= .of j oner 7 ime thod of carrying'the invention intoeffect, 1 andlwillibe severally claimed in i'the state- *mentot claimappended to: the specification.

In zorde'rthatthe invention shall bebetter iunderst'oodyrthe followinga' description or" .one embodiment of thezinvention given by 'w'ay olexample andreferring'tothedraw Yin which the materials and thevarioiirspro 0 ducedtherefromare at no timeexposedus the- :ingaccompanying thisspecification'.

The apparatus illustrated inithe drawing .lcomprises a degreas'er orrenderingv vessel-l0,

, a fat-extractor or draining vessel "25', a -fa't V settling tank33reple'tewith a level gauge 36;

a acuum p p 40,41 leddorizer 41, a. rjt coindenlserg'and q ll connectedin series by airsealed conduits and passages sothatthe system isvirtually anenclosed ione jacketed jas shownat ,1l,"23 to; -rceive aheat-r v ing- I'medium which may conveniently be steagor',it-desired;h;ot;combustion gasesor The ,degre'aser lO 25 are vapours according toconvenience. The

jackets of the two vessels may be placed in opencommunicationwith oneanother as indicated in thedrawing, so that-:the heating medium first:of all 7 circulates. through one j'acketfaft'er which it passes throughthe other.

The degreaser 10 is provided with a rotary agitatorl3 carried upon a,horizontal shaft 7 sure member 15, and at the other end With twooutlets, one of which, 16; is controlled-by a valve21 operating in acasing 17' an moved *so'iasto controlfthebutlet lG by an operatingniembr'ilQuTh valve casing 17 hasa downwardly directed branch 18 whichleads into thetop' of the*extra ctor 2 5, so that-When a degreasingoperation in the degreaserlO has been completed, the valve21 may beopened and the contents of the 'degreaser- -both a s.e at l ed to Passdirectlyiinto the extractor;-

'greaser is also provided with fa var pour :discha r'ge outlet conduit27 leading from the upper part-0f the degreaser, as

shown, to' the top of the extractor 25. The

conduit 27 is controlled bya valve 28. 1 sThe extractor: 25 is-dividedhorizontally by a grid 24 into an upperportion 22 and 'a-low'er portion26. The two portions of the e'Xtr-ad 'torare hinged together at "a levelappro'xij mate to the level of the grid24 as shown5 so that thelowerportion may be swung downwardly to enable 'the- 'eXtractonto drop its'crackling contnt which nOrmalIyKrestsnPOn The bottom fporti'on' 26 zof'the extractor V communicates'with'the iatesettlingtank 33'by a conduit31' havinga llexible section 32='and J controlledfby' avalve 30,-The'conduit' 31- leads, assh'o'fwn; into th interior of, the fatsettling tanland downto the-bottom thereof'wliere it terminates inahorizontalcoil provided with perforations. I

i i The upper part of the fat-settling tanl i33 communicates: withtheinlet lofthjef {l0 "andthe bottom of the fat settling tank cominunicates with the crowniofthefat-cooler 44 by a conduit 4:5 controlledby avalve 4L6. The

liatji settlingi-ank' figisjacke' tedwith a jacket "3 4{ torec eive [anconvenient heatin medium gee-as. to preserve'the liquidity the fat. IThe .other 'connectionsjneed-no descriptionbut will begclear-fromthedrawings V A; li steam supply connection from any a kconvenient sourceoflive steam leadsfinto the dipper-part of the extractor25'as shownat 61,

and the s p-ply of steam is controlled by a r ea er The operation of theapparatus is, fblf fiyy as'follows z- 'a 1 *While a melting-downoperation is proceeding in the dcgreaser lOwith the valve 21,} ofcourse, in its closed position, the-Vapours 7 produced in the degrease'rare allowed to flow, ia the conduit 27, through a charge of cracklingsresting upon the grid 24 in the 6X? 'lings." The action" of thehotyapours is, as 'stated'in the specification ofmy aforesaid;

concurrent patent 7 application, to facilitate the extraction of fat,from the-cracklings.

, The vapours nndergoj partial condensation,

, It will be'appreciatedfrom the descriptionand the condensate collectsin the-bottom of greasmg operat1on. vOn the otheryhand; it

the fat-settling. tank while-the extracted fat rises and'collects atthe-top of the condensate.

Any nncondensed y'apoursin the iateettling V tank proceedi'by Way oftheyacu'um pump into the deo'dori'zer, iTwhere, as 'far' as possij ble,they aredeodoriz edand thence into the condenser 42, where 'they' aresubjected to condensation. ihe' condensate and-any d still uncondensedvapoursvpass througli the'j acket i of thecooler, i4 andthence into adrain; T

of the apparatus given that there is "no' 1 escape of 'vapoursfromrbeginningftoend of the apparatus andpas previously stated, this isan importantfeature of noveltycharact'en 7 I 4 e v v Y Alternatlvely andin some cases preferably,

' izingthis invention. t

When the extraction of fat frorn the crack- I p tractor;

lings in the extractor .25 has been carried to an economiclimitingdegree, the extractor is r fopenedlby" swinging downwardlyflthelower "portion 26 from the upperportion 22. It will be found that thecrackling's thus dischargedh 40 l from the extractor contain butaa smallper- 'centage 'ofifat and, or vemare not im pregnated withwaterbutare'practicallyjas dry as they were at; the conclusion of themelting-down operation by which they were produced: 'I' jt Y q In orderto enhance the extraction. of fat from thecracklings 1 in the extractor-25, the- 'cracklings may be' subjected to the direct acvcracklingsjin:theextractorf25 which, during thefsuccessionr ofIdegreaVsing (operations,

tionlof live steam supplied under pressure,

'say' a pressure of betwe'e'n30 and 40' pounds Iper square inch,the-steam being admitted;

as aforesaid, by way of' the" conduit '61 and control valve62 after theoperation of passing the hot degreaserqyapours'throughthe fcracklings;It desired, thesteanr, bev passedthroughgthe cracklings simultaneously ap with the?degreaseryapours;.iltzis found in r generalg-thatltheextraction! carriedconsiderably. further by subj ecting the cracklingsto fthe' direjctaction of steam in ithisjrnannern 'Ihe pressureconditions intheapparat'us may be varied at will accordingtocircumstances; and convenience; As previously stated, the steam may besupplied at pr$ fat; may be sure of between 30"jai1d 40 pounds persquare inch. j i As to the pressures obtaining in the various elementsof the apparatus during a found desirable to'place' the degreaser intofree con1municationwitl1 the extractor and to 1 createja partial vacuuminthe system by means of the pump 4L0. l By thus opera-ting,

' the flow of vapours through; the cracklings maybe increased, and aswill at once be understood, it will generally "be desirable to op er'atein this manner; towards thejclose of a degreasing operation whentheLr-ate of production of vapours is small'compared with the "rateobtaining duringi the early part of a demaybe sometimesdesirableonlyperiodically i to op'el'ithe-yalve 28, thus allowingthe pres- I surein the degreaser to riseands'uddenly freleasingthe compressed yap'o'ursinto theex tractor.25. 1 A spasmodicrush of yapours throughthecracklingslhas beeng found *in some cases mum-an enhanced fat-extractSomet mesiitiiis desirable tointroduce a ing effect upoii thecracklings; I

greaserfofwhich is controlled by a Valve. 51.

the solyent 'may be introduced into the Vex-v -As will be appreciatedthe Volume otthe e's's of d ry-ere'n'de-rix-ig. Consequently, theextractor 25 if; as shown, of approximately the 4 same sizeas the'degreaser wfll beicapable 01 7 containingfaseyeral Iindependent charges.of

cracklings froin' the degreaser. This arrangement 1s a convenlentonelnthat-"it-permits of the carrying-into'efiect, of a series of degreas--.1ng operations: extending, :say, over a longperiod of, *for example, awhole day, allowing small lquantity-fofsolvent, such yi'als benzene.This -may=be-introdu'ced into the degreaser,

and forthis'purposelthe latter is proy-id'edr I -,w ith areservoir;50,.-the outlet. into the del r original material introducedinto" the de-' I greaser will be much reduced during the procthe-vapours allthe while topass through the gradually increasesin volumeand at the-end I lings'tofthe' direct actionoflivdstearh, the

degreaser', during-this step; being out of ac- .tion;

-l iyclaim :51

deri-ng vessel andthe. draining vessel for the.

'1. Apparatus for dry=renderwrecovery of tat froln'flfat:yieldingmat'er'i als, co1 nprising, in, combination, al'closed' rendering"vessel, a. closed: draining .LVBSSQlFtO receive cracklings f dischargedfrom-the renderinglvessehia con- 1' trolled air-sealed passage betweentheirendischarge of cracklingsf atfwill :from the one th the other'withoutexposure to the vatmosf ing'vessel', and means to colIect thevapoursatsaid vapour-exit,

2. Apparatus for dry-render recovery of fat from fat-yielding materials,comprising, in combinatlon, a closed re'nderingxvessel, a

closed draining vessel to receive cracklings discharged frorn'therendering vessel, a'controlled air-sealed passage between the .-ren- Ideringfve'ssel andthe draining-vessel for the dischargeof cracklingsatwill fr'om the one to, the other=withoutsexp'osure to the atm o's phere,1 a vaporpassage "between L the rendering vessel. andgthefdrainingvessel means c for admitt ng-steam to the dralnlng vessel,

a vapourexit in the draining vessel so situated' that the 'hotvapoursadmitted have to 'travel throughthe body; of, icracklings in thedraining: vessel, means to collect the vapours: at saidvaponr-exihz andmeans to thecracklings in Y collect fat extracted from the drainingvessel;

3-. Apparatus for dryrender recovery. of

fat from fat-yielding materials," comprising,

iii-combination, a closed rendering vessel, a

closed draining vessel to receive cracklings discharged from therend'ering' -vessel, means placing 5211C], renderlngvess-eland drainingvessel in controlled air-sealed" communication with Qoneanother, avapour-exit inthe draining vessel so situated that the hotvapoursadmitted from-the rendering vessel have to travel through thebodyofcracklings in'the draining vessel, and means toj 'collect the'Vapours'at saidvapour-exit. 4,'. App ara-tus; for. dry-renderE recoveryof y -fat from fat-yielding' materials, comprising, fat fromfat-yieldingmaterials, comprising, ,in combination, aclosed renderingvessel, a

in combinatiomaclosed rendering vessel, a

closed draining vesselltoigreceive craeklingsdischargedfromthe'rendering vessel, a controlled air-sealed 1 passagegbetvveen fthe ren- I dering vesseland the draining vessel-for. the

discharge 'of cracklings at illi'from the one Y to the otherwithoutexposuretoithe atmos-.

I phere,a vapour passage betvveen'therender- '7 in combinationfaclosedrenderingfvessel, a

ing vessel and the draining vessel, a:vapourexit in--th e drainingvessel"so' situated that the "hotjv'apours admittedf have; to "travelthrough thebody of eracklings'in the draining vessel,-;meansto collectthe vapours at said vapour-exit, and suction 'Ineans to ender ecovery ofclosed draining vessel. to receivecracklings discharged viron; therendering vessel, means .placlng'. sa d reIidermgvessel and, drain ngvessel in controlled fair-sealed "communication; with one-J another,apvavapoureex t in a the draining: vessel ;so, situated that the-hotvapours admitted "from the rendering vessel have to travel through thebody of crackl-ings in the. draining. vessel, means. to collectthevapours at said vapour-exit, and suction means .to ,promote the flow ofhot vapour through said body of cracklings.

,6. Apparatusfor dryv-render' recovery of fat from lat-yieldingmaterials, comprising, in combination, a closed rendering vessel, aclosed drainingvessel to receive cracklings -discharged from the.rendering--vessel, a

closed fat-collector, means placingthese three elements air-sealedseries connection Withone-another, a: vapour-exit in the fatcollector,and meansto collect? thevapour at said vapour-exit;

Appara s f r d y e r r s ry of fati f om 1 a ry l ngim' fi mp i incombination, a clos'ed-rendering vessel, a closed drainingvesseltoreceive cracklings discharged'iron the renderingvessel, a closedfiat-collector, nieans placing these three elements 1n',, a 1r-sealedSGlL'lBSQCOIlIlBCtlOII Wltll' one another, a vapour-exit in thevzfatcollector, means .to collec't the vapour at said vapour egrit, and.suction. means to promote theflow of hot vapours'tlirough the drainingvessel.

fat frQIn lat-yielding materials,- comprising, 1n combination, .aclosed-renderlng vessel, a

' 78. Apparatus for dr aiider recovery 01 v closed draining vessel to-receivecracklings discharged from; the 'rendering: vessel, 7 a

. closed fatrcollector, meansplacing these three elements in air-sealedseries connection with one another, meansto c'ollectl the-vapour at asaid vapour-exit, and a deodorizer interposed in the path of the vapours,between the fatcollector and vapour-collectingmeans,

4 9. Apparatus for; dry-render recovery @of closed draining vessel toreceive cracklings dischargedfrom the: rendering r'vessel, a closedfat-collector, uneansplacing these three eleinentsinair sealed seriesconnection a with one another, afvapour-exit in the fatcollector,:1neans to ocollectl the vapour-at said apour-exit, suction means,to-promote the'flowiofjhotvapours through the draining vessel,andjajdeodorizer interposedfi-n the path or the vapours between;,theQ-fat-collector andlvapour-collecting meansi- I Y 10. Apparatus for:dry-render fat froinlrfat-yieldlngmaterials, comprising,

in combination, 5 a closed rendering vessel, .a

closed draining vessel; to receive 'cracklings discharged fromv therendering vessel, means placing said rendering vessel and drainingvessel in controlled air-sealed communication -With one another, avapourfexit in the d aining; vessel so fsituated j that the v hotvapours admitted from the-rendering vessel have "to travel through thebdy{Q.;Qrak1 ngs1inth recovery of 30 7 from fat-yielding materials, whichcomprises,

I 157 8 5,361f f i Y draining vessel, means to admit steam underpressure to the draining vessel, other means for heating-the drainingvessel, and means to collect the vapours from said vapour;

exit.

discharged 'from' the rendering vessel, a

closed fat-collector, means placing] these;

three elements in. air-sealed series connection with one an'other',-means to admit steam under pressure tothe draining vessel, and othermeans for heating 7 the draining vessel. 7

12. Apparatus for dry-render recovery of g fat from fat-yieldingmaterials, comprising,-

in combination, a closed'renderingvessel, a closed draining vesseliEOT'GGlVE cracklings discharged from the rendering vessel, a; closedfat-collector, means placing these 7 three elements in air-sealed seriesconnection with one another, a valve in the connection between therendering vessel and the 'fat col-f lector, a'valve in'the connectionbetween the rendering vesseland the draining vessel, and means foradmitting live steam" to draining vessel.

Qacross the top of thelower.part, meansof 13. Apparatus for the carryinginto effect of a dry-render process of recovery offat in combination, aclosed rendering vessel, a

jacketed closed draining vessel toreceive cracklings discharged from therendering vessel, which draining vessel is divided hori- V zontally intoan upper part which is'steam' jacketed and a lower part, a drainage,grid

union between the two parts permitting one to be displacedrelatively-to'the other to enable the upperpart to dI'Opdf/S charge of cracklings,means providing a controlled air-1 sealed passage between the renderingvessel,

and the upper part of the draining vesselfor the discharge thereto,without exposure tothe atmosphere, of cracklings from the ren-,

dering vessel,- means providing a controlled air-sealed passage forvapours produced within the rendering vessel to flow therefrom to thetop-of the upper part of the draining vessel, a'vapour exit in the lowerpart ofthe: draining vessel situated beneath the. grid,'j

means to admit steam under pressure into the draining vessel, and meansto collect the vapours at said vapour-exit; V 14. Apparatus for thecarrying into effect cracklings, means providing .a controlled airsealedpassage between thefrender ngvessel iand the upper-part of the drainingvessel for 11. Apparatus for dry-render recovery of fat fromfat-yielding materials, comprising, 1: in combination, a closedrendering vessel, a closed drainingvessel to receive cracklings "1i 7the discharge thereto, without exposure to the atmosphere, of cracklings"from the renderifingvessel, means providing acontrolled airseale'dpassage for vapours produced Within the rendering'vessel toflowtherefrom to the top of the upper part of the draining vessel,

afat-settlingtank, a conduit connecting the bottom of the lower. part ofthe draining ves-' "sell to the inlet ofthefat-settling tank so thatboth fat draining through the grid and also vapours from therenderingvessel are caused to pass into the, tank, a vapour-exit in the tank,means to collect the vapours at said closed draining vessel'is dividedhorizontally into an upper part and a lower part, a drainage grid acrossthe top of, the lower part, means "of union between the two partspermitting one'to bejdisplacedr'elatively to the other I to enable theupperpartto drop its charge of cracklings, means providing a controlledair-sealed passage between the rendering vessel and the' upper part ofthe draining vessel for the discharge thereto, without exposure 'totheatmcisphere, of cracklings from the rendering vessel, means providinga controlled air-sealed passage for vapours produced within the:renderinguvessel to flow therefrom to the top of the upper part ofthethe vapours at said vapour-exit, suction means to promote the flow ofvapours through the closed draining vessel, and means to admit @steamunder pressure into the draining vessel. In testimony whereofI affix mysignature. 7 WILLIAM THOMAS POWLING.

of a dry-render process of'recovery of fat v from fat-yieldingmaterials,which comprises,

in combination, a closed renderingvessel, a; closed drainingvessel'toreceive cracklings discharged from the rendering vessel, whichdraining vessel is divided horizontally into an .union betweenthe twoparts permitting one {to-bedisplaced relatively a the (that) enthe. flowof vapours througlr the draining.

draining vessel, a fat-settling tank, a conduit

